Introduction to quantum computers
Quantum computing is also notoriously fickle.
They need tightly controlled environments to operate in.
Changes in nearby
temperatures and electromagnetic waves can cause them to mess up. No, it was
only in the early eighties that a few physicists, such as Richard Feynman had
the amazing suggestion that if nature is giving us that computational
lemon,well.
why not make it into
lemonade? Amplitudes can be positive or negative. In fact, they can even be
complex numbers involving the square root of a negative one. So a quit is a bit
that has an amplitude for being zero and another amplitude for being one
How do quantum computers works
How does quantum computers works
In order to understand
the potential of quantum computers it is useful to briefly touch on how
traditional computers process data .
How the information is
processed in the microprocessor . the microprocessor essentially performs a
series of calculations based on the strings of 1 and 0 .called bits .
The microprocessor with
extremely tiny components that work together to keep track of the strings of 0
and 1. The more the component the faster and powerful will be the components of
microprocessors .
At the quantum
level things work very differently from how they work in macroscopic world tiny
particles like electron and photons
How
Quantum computers are different
what is quantum
physics
quantum physics definition
Quantum computers are
totally different from normal computers .A quantum computer is a machine
which follows the principle of quantum mechanics (quantum physics
made simple ) .
quantum physics definition
Quantum computers makes a
hard work lot easier than any other machines . In normal computers the computer
uses binary digits ( 0 or 1 ) .
For reading any kind of
data but in Quantum computer they are using Quantum digits (quits) in normal’s
computer can take one value (0 or 1)at a time but in case of quantum computer
it can take two digits ( 0 and 1) at a time .
This quantum digits
called as qubits can take 4 value ate time . the value
you can shown in the photo given below .
This makes quantum
computers work very fast then many of the computers . These quantum
computers make complex calculations more simpler than any normal computer
.
Wall Street could use them
to optimize portfolios, simulate economic forecasts and for complex risk
analysis.
There are some simply
astonishing financial opportunities in quantum computing. This is why there's
so much interest. Even though it's a sofa down the road. But nothing is ever a
sure thing.
From the very beginning, it
was understood that building a useful quantum computer was going to be a
staggeringly hard engineering problem if it was even possible at all.
In October 2019,Google made
a big announcement. Google said it had achieved quantum supremacy.
They have demonstrated with
quantum computer that it can perform a computation in seconds. What would take
the world’s fastest supercomputer? Years, thousands of years to-do that same
calculation.
Google used a 53 qubit
processor named Sycamore to complete the computation, completely arbitrary
mathematical problem with no real world application. The Google Quantum
computer spit out an answer in about 200 seconds.
Many of them were spinout
of research teams at universities in 2017 and 2018. So nature gives you
this very, very bizarre hammer in the form of these this interference effect
among all of these amplitudes.
Right. That's leading to
some backlash against the hype and concern that quantum computing could soon
become a bubble and then dry up Just As fast if progress stalls.
.
And scientists
reading the output of the quantum computers are left with amplitudes leading to
the right answer of whatever problem they’re trying to solve. The quantum
computers developed by companies such as Google, IBM and Regatta were all made
using a process called superconducting .
So they're laid out
in roughly rectangular arrays and the nearby ones can talk to each other and
thereby generate these very complicated states, what we call entangled states,
which is one of the essentials of quantum computing and the way that the
cubists interact with each other is fully programmable. OK.
Now the order for this to
work, the whole chip is placed in that evolution refrigerator.
That's roughly the size of
the closet roughly. And the calls it do about one hundredth of a degree above
absolute zero. That's where you get the superconductivity that allows these
bits to briefly behave as cubits.
IBM recently unveiled a
fifty-three cubic computer the same size as Google’s sycamore processor. We
think we're actually going to need tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of
qubits to get to real business problems.
Moore's Law is doubling
every two years. We're talking about doubling every year. And occasionally some
really big jumps.
So what quantum computers
become useful? What can they do? Scientists first came up with the idea for
quantum computers as a way to better simulate quantum mechanics. That's still
the main purpose for them. And it also holds the most money making potential.
So one example is the caffeine molecule. l. We have these tremendous
supercomputers that are out there.
And this would be great for
many fields, health care, pharmaceuticals, creating new materials, creating new
flavorings anywhere where molecules are in play.
So if we just start with
this basic idea of caffeine, it turns out it's absolutely impossible to
represent one simple little caffeine molecule in a classical computer because
the amount of information you would need to represent it, the number of zeros
and ones you would need is around ten to forty eight.
Now, that's a big
number.
That’s one with forty eight
zeros following it. The number of atoms in the earth are about 10 to 100 times
that number.
So in the worst case, one
caffeine molecule could use 10 percent of all the atoms in the earth just for
storage. That's never going to happen. However, if we have a quantum computer
with one hundred and sixty cubits and this is a model of a 50 puberty machine
behind me, you can kind of figure, well, if we make good progress, eventually
we'll get up to 160 good cubits.
It looks like we'll be able
to do something with caffeine, a quantum computer, and it’s never going to be
possible. Classical computer and other potential use comes from Wall Street.
Complex risk analysis and economic forecasting. Quantum computing also has big
potential for portfolio optimization.
Quantum computers, the way
they'rerebuilt now, would need millions of cubits to crack RSA
cryptography. For a lot of people, that doesn't matter. But for example,
for health records, if health records were to be opened up that could
compromise all kinds of things. Government communications. Banking records.
Sometimes even
banking records from decades ago contain important information that you don’t
want exposed. . But what we do now, is that if you don't update your
cryptography now, all the messages you send over the next few years and the
ones in history could potentially be read.
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